A railing system according to TS EN 13374; It should include one of the main railing, intermediate railing and toe plate or intermediate protection (fence, net, etc.) and toe plate systems. While the main railing and toe plate are stated as the basic requirement, it is stated that any of the intermediate railing or intermediate protection (fence, fence, safety net, etc.) systems can be preferred for the basic requirement element in the opening between these two.
Networks that can be used as intermediate protection systems must comply with the requirements of the TS EN 1263-1 standard. Net fixings must meet the loading requirements of the railing classes in the TS EN 13374 standard. Nets should be tensioned to prevent loosening.
Main Railing
The vertical distance between any top point of the main railing and the working surface must be at least 1000 mm. Main railings must be continuous and any horizontal gap must be less than 120 mm.
Heel Plate
The vertical distance between any top point of the heel plate and the working surface must be at least 150 mm. Heel plates should be designed to prevent gaps between them and the working surface. Even if there is a gap, it should not be large enough for a 20 mm diameter sphere to pass through.
Intermediate Protection System or Intermediate Railing
Although the dimensions of the guardrail system and its components in the TS EN 13374 standard coincide with the values defined in the 6th article of the Occupational Health and Safety Regulation in Construction Works Annex 4 (A) Working at Height, it is seen that the values in the standard are given in more detail.
Classification of Railing Systems
Temporary railing systems within the scope of TS EN 13374 standard; It is examined in three separate classes: Class A, Class B and Class C:
Class A
Class A protection only provides resistance to static charges:
• Providing support to a person leaning on or walking alongside the guard, and,
• Group stop a person walking or falling towards the guard
Class A should be used at angles less than 10°. The slope of the railing system itself from vertical to the work surface should not be more than 15°. If there is an intermediate guardrail, the gaps must be sized so that a 470 mm diameter sphere cannot pass through. If there is no intermediate guardrail or it is not continuous, the guardrail system should be dimensioned so that it cannot pass through a 250 mm diameter sphere (intermediate protection system) (TS EN 13374, 2013).
Class B
Class B protection only provides resistance to static loads and low dynamic effects:
• Providing support to a person leaning on or walking alongside the guard; And
• Group stop of a person walking or falling towards the guard;
• To collectively stop a person rolling or falling from an inclined surface (TS EN 13374, 2013).
Class B temporary; It can be used without any fall height limitation at angles less than 30°, or at angles less than 60°, with fall heights less than two meters (Figure 3).
The slopes of Class B guardrail systems should not deviate more than 15 degrees from the vertical towards the work surface. Class B guardrail system is 250 meters away from any gap on it.
It must be dimensioned so that it cannot exceed a sphere with a diameter of mm (TS EN 13374, 2013).
Class C
Class C protection provides resistance to high dynamic forces, linked to safety requirements to prevent personnel falling when sliding down a steeply inclined surface:
• To collectively stop people slipping or falling over on a steeply inclined surface (TS EN 13374, 2013).
It can be used without fall height limitation at angles between 30° and 45°, or at fall heights of less than five meters at angles between 45° and 60°. If the angle is greater than 45° and 60° and the height of the fall is 5m. If it is more than 1,000 m, temporary guardrails are not suitable for protection within the scope of the standard. In such cases, guardrail systems should be moved closer to the work area and the fall height should be reduced or, for example, every 2m. or every 5m. A guardrail system should also be built. Class C guardrail system must be dimensioned so that a 100 mm diameter sphere cannot pass through any gap on it.
Unique Static and Dynamic Design for Temporary Railing Classes
Requirements
There is no dynamic loading requirement in Class A. It will be sufficient to meet the static loads given in the standard and which will be mentioned in the rest of this study. It must be designed to meet the static loading requirements in Class B. In addition to the static loading requirements, it must be capable of absorbing a kinetic energy of 1100 J in any area up to 200 mm above the working surface and continuing along the railing. Higher parts must absorb 500 J of energy.
There is no static loading requirement in Class C. Class C must be capable of absorbing a kinetic energy of 2200 J in any zone up to 200 mm above the working surface and continuing along the guardrail. Higher parts must absorb 500 J energy (TS EN 13374, 2013).
If we give examples from daily working life of the dynamic design requirements given in the standard:
• Class B and C railing systems must be installed 100 cm from the ground. In case a 70 kg person crashes into an area at a height of 4.32 km/h or,
• A Class B guardrail system fixed to a roof with a 30° slope should be installed 15 cm from the ground. In the event that a 10 kg membrane roll hits any area at a height of 53 km/h or,
• Class C railing system must be installed 19 cm from the ground. 0.8 g of an exploding pressure vessel to any area at its height. This means that the pressure gauge weighing 100 kg has the capacity to absorb the impact if it hits at a speed of 266 km/h.
For the examples above, all frictions have been neglected.
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